动手实验室 — DOP-C02 AWS Certified DevOps Engineer Professional

概述

先决条件

步骤

1. 1.选择我们的 Terraform 版本和 AWS 区域

   标准开场。Code* 服务是区域性的——选择您的源仓库和目标环境共享的区域。本实验默认为 us-east-1。

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   terraform {
     required_version = ">= 1.5"
   
     required_providers {
       aws = {
         source  = "hashicorp/aws"
         version = "~> 5.60"
       }
     }
   }
   
   provider "aws" {
     region = "us-east-1"
   
     default_tags {
       tags = {
         Project   = "certlabpro-dop-c02"
         ManagedBy = "terraform"
       }
     }
   }
   
   resource "aws_s3_bucket" "artifacts" {
     bucket_prefix = "certlabpro-dop-c02-artifacts-"
   }
   
   resource "aws_s3_bucket_public_access_block" "artifacts" {
     bucket = aws_s3_bucket.artifacts.id
   
     block_public_acls       = true
     block_public_policy     = true
     ignore_public_acls      = true
     restrict_public_buckets = true
   }

2. 2.创建一个带有初始构建规范的 CodeCommit 存储库

   配置服务：

   • AWS CodeCommit

   CodeCommit 是 AWS 的 Git 主机。DOP-C02 端到端地测试 Code* 套件，形成一个紧密集成的工作流——最常见的考试问题会询问哪种 AWS 原生服务组合可以实现给定结果，而答案几乎总是以 CodeCommit 开始。

   default_branch = "main" 与现代 Git 默认值相匹配（CodeCommit 历史性地创建 master 分支）。我们创建的仓库在 apply 后是空的；在实际使用中，您会推送您的第一次提交，并在根目录下包含 buildspec.yml 和 appspec.yml——这些是 CodeBuild（步骤 3）和 CodeDeploy（步骤 4）在每次流水线运行时读取的文件。

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   resource "aws_codecommit_repository" "app" {
     repository_name = "certlabpro-dop-c02-app"
     description     = "Application source for the DOP-C02 lab pipeline."
     default_branch  = "main"
   }

3. 3.设置一个 CodeBuild 项目，在每次推送时进行编译和测试

   配置服务：

   • AWS CodeBuild
   • AWS IAM

   CodeBuild 从您的 buildspec.yml 中运行构建和测试步骤。DOP-C02 在此处测试了托管镜像与自定义镜像之间的权衡——托管镜像零维护但启动较慢；自定义镜像可提供更快的冷启动和可重现的工具链。本实验使用托管的 aws/codebuild/standard:7.0 镜像，该镜像开箱即用地支持 Node、Python、Java、Go、.NET 和 Ruby。

   IAM 角色授予 CodeBuild 将构建输出写入 CloudWatch Logs、从 CodeCommit 读取源代码以及将工件写入步骤 1 中 S3 存储桶的权限。LINUX_CONTAINER + BUILD_GENERAL1_SMALL 是最便宜的层级，每构建分钟 $0.005。

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   resource "aws_iam_role" "codebuild" {
     name = "certlabpro-dop-c02-codebuild"
   
     assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
       Version = "2012-10-17"
       Statement = [{
         Effect    = "Allow"
         Principal = { Service = "codebuild.amazonaws.com" }
         Action    = "sts:AssumeRole"
       }]
     })
   }
   
   resource "aws_iam_role_policy" "codebuild" {
     name = "build-permissions"
     role = aws_iam_role.codebuild.id
   
     policy = jsonencode({
       Version = "2012-10-17"
       Statement = [
         {
           Effect   = "Allow"
           Action   = ["logs:CreateLogGroup", "logs:CreateLogStream", "logs:PutLogEvents"]
           Resource = "*"
         },
         {
           Effect   = "Allow"
           Action   = ["s3:GetObject", "s3:PutObject", "s3:ListBucket"]
           Resource = [aws_s3_bucket.artifacts.arn, "${aws_s3_bucket.artifacts.arn}/*"]
         },
         {
           Effect   = "Allow"
           Action   = "codecommit:GitPull"
           Resource = aws_codecommit_repository.app.arn
         },
       ]
     })
   }
   
   resource "aws_codebuild_project" "build" {
     name         = "certlabpro-dop-c02-build"
     service_role = aws_iam_role.codebuild.arn
   
     source {
       type     = "CODEPIPELINE"
       buildspec = "buildspec.yml"
     }
   
     artifacts {
       type = "CODEPIPELINE"
     }
   
     environment {
       type            = "LINUX_CONTAINER"
       image           = "aws/codebuild/standard:7.0"
       compute_type    = "BUILD_GENERAL1_SMALL"
       privileged_mode = false
     }
   }

4. 4.使用蓝/绿部署组连接 CodeDeploy

   配置服务：

   • AWS CodeDeploy
   • AWS IAM

   CodeDeploy 处理实际的部署——到 EC2、Lambda 或 ECS。DOP-C02 反复测试部署策略轴：AllAtOnce（最便宜、最冒险）、HalfAtATime、OneAtATime、CodeDeployDefault.LambdaCanary10Percent5Minutes（Lambda canary 模式）和 CodeDeployDefault.ECSAllAtOnce。我们为本实验选择 Lambda 计算平台，因为它不需要实际存在 EC2 实例——这使得实验成本低且范围紧凑。

   部署配置 CodeDeployDefault.LambdaAllAtOnce 是 Lambda 策略中最简单的。在生产环境中，LambdaCanary10Percent5Minutes 是 DOP-C02 针对风险缓解部署最常推荐的答案：它将 10% 的流量转移到新版本，等待 5 分钟以触发 CloudWatch 警报，如果没有触发，则转移剩余流量。

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   resource "aws_iam_role" "codedeploy" {
     name = "certlabpro-dop-c02-codedeploy"
   
     assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
       Version = "2012-10-17"
       Statement = [{
         Effect    = "Allow"
         Principal = { Service = "codedeploy.amazonaws.com" }
         Action    = "sts:AssumeRole"
       }]
     })
   }
   
   resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "codedeploy_lambda" {
     role       = aws_iam_role.codedeploy.name
     policy_arn = "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSCodeDeployRoleForLambda"
   }
   
   resource "aws_codedeploy_app" "app" {
     name             = "certlabpro-dop-c02-app"
     compute_platform = "Lambda"
   }
   
   resource "aws_codedeploy_deployment_group" "lambda" {
     app_name               = aws_codedeploy_app.app.name
     deployment_group_name  = "default"
     service_role_arn       = aws_iam_role.codedeploy.arn
     deployment_config_name = "CodeDeployDefault.LambdaAllAtOnce"
   
     deployment_style {
       deployment_option = "WITH_TRAFFIC_CONTROL"
       deployment_type   = "BLUE_GREEN"
     }
   
     auto_rollback_configuration {
       enabled = true
       events  = ["DEPLOYMENT_FAILURE"]
     }
   }

5. 5.用 CodePipeline 将源代码 → 构建 → 部署连接起来，然后添加一个 Synthetics canary

   配置服务：

   • AWS CodePipeline
   • Amazon CloudWatch Synthetics

   CodePipeline 是协调器，将前三个步骤连接成一个单一的图：从 CodeCommit 获取源代码，使用 CodeBuild 进行构建，使用 CodeDeploy 进行部署。每个转换都是一个挂钩点——您可以在任意两个阶段之间添加手动批准、并行测试阶段和通知。DOP-C02 的配置管理和 IaC 领域反复测试这种阶段和动作结构。

   一旦流水线存在，您就有了 CI/CD。最后一部分——CloudWatch Synthetics——完成了部署可观测性的闭环：canary 是一种托管的无头浏览器脚本（基于 Puppeteer），它按计划运行并将成功/失败报告给 CloudWatch。DOP-C02 的监控和日志记录领域非常重视这种模式：部署更改 → canary 在几分钟内捕获回归 → CodeDeploy 自动回滚（我们在步骤 4 中连接了它）由 canary 的 CloudWatch 警报触发。

   下面的 canary 脚本每 5 分钟轮询一次 https://example.com；在生产环境中，您会将其指向应用程序的健康检查端点，并对响应正文和头部进行断言，而不仅仅是 HTTP 200。

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   # ── CodePipeline ──────────────────────────────────────────────
   resource "aws_iam_role" "codepipeline" {
     name = "certlabpro-dop-c02-codepipeline"
   
     assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
       Version = "2012-10-17"
       Statement = [{
         Effect    = "Allow"
         Principal = { Service = "codepipeline.amazonaws.com" }
         Action    = "sts:AssumeRole"
       }]
     })
   }
   
   resource "aws_iam_role_policy" "codepipeline" {
     name = "pipeline-permissions"
     role = aws_iam_role.codepipeline.id
   
     policy = jsonencode({
       Version = "2012-10-17"
       Statement = [{
         Effect = "Allow"
         Action = [
           "codecommit:*",
           "codebuild:*",
           "codedeploy:*",
           "s3:*",
           "iam:PassRole",
         ]
         Resource = "*"
       }]
     })
   }
   
   resource "aws_codepipeline" "main" {
     name     = "certlabpro-dop-c02"
     role_arn = aws_iam_role.codepipeline.arn
   
     artifact_store {
       location = aws_s3_bucket.artifacts.bucket
       type     = "S3"
     }
   
     stage {
       name = "Source"
       action {
         name             = "Source"
         category         = "Source"
         owner            = "AWS"
         provider         = "CodeCommit"
         version          = "1"
         output_artifacts = ["source"]
         configuration = {
           RepositoryName = aws_codecommit_repository.app.repository_name
           BranchName     = "main"
         }
       }
     }
   
     stage {
       name = "Build"
       action {
         name             = "Build"
         category         = "Build"
         owner            = "AWS"
         provider         = "CodeBuild"
         version          = "1"
         input_artifacts  = ["source"]
         output_artifacts = ["build"]
         configuration = {
           ProjectName = aws_codebuild_project.build.name
         }
       }
     }
   }
   
   # ── Synthetics canary ─────────────────────────────────────────
   resource "aws_iam_role" "canary" {
     name = "certlabpro-dop-c02-canary"
   
     assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
       Version = "2012-10-17"
       Statement = [{
         Effect    = "Allow"
         Principal = { Service = "lambda.amazonaws.com" }
         Action    = "sts:AssumeRole"
       }]
     })
   }
   
   resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "canary_logs" {
     role       = aws_iam_role.canary.name
     policy_arn = "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole"
   }
   
   data "archive_file" "canary_src" {
     type        = "zip"
     output_path = "${path.module}/build/canary.zip"
   
     source {
       filename = "nodejs/node_modules/index.js"
       content  = <<-EOT
         const synthetics = require("Synthetics");
         exports.handler = async () => {
           const page = await synthetics.getPage();
           const res = await page.goto("https://example.com", { waitUntil: "domcontentloaded" });
           if (!res.ok()) throw new Error("Status code " + res.status());
         };
       EOT
     }
   }
   
   resource "aws_synthetics_canary" "endpoint" {
     name                 = "certlabpro-dop-c02-endpoint"
     artifact_s3_location = "s3://${aws_s3_bucket.artifacts.bucket}/canary/"
     execution_role_arn   = aws_iam_role.canary.arn
     handler              = "index.handler"
     zip_file             = data.archive_file.canary_src.output_path
     runtime_version      = "syn-nodejs-puppeteer-9.0"
     start_canary         = true
   
     schedule {
       expression = "rate(5 minutes)"
     }
   }

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